Chifukwa Chake Pansi pa Mphira Wotsutsana ndi Mabakiteriya Ndikofunikira Pazipatala

Mukufunika pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kuti muteteze odwala ndi ogwira ntchito ku majeremusi oopsa. Pansi m'zipatala nthawi zambiri zimathandizira kufalikira kwa matenda, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kuchuluka kwa CLABSIs, CAUTIs, VAEs, SSIs, MRSA, ndi C. difficile mu deta yaposachedwa:

Mtundu wa Matenda	Matenda Owonedwa	Matenda Omwe Ananenedweratu	Chiŵerengero Chokhazikika cha Matenda (SIR)
Ma CLABSI	Deta kuyambira 2024	Kutengera deta ya 2015	SIR yowerengedwa
CHENJEZO	Deta kuyambira 2024	Kutengera deta ya 2015	SIR yowerengedwa
Ma UAE	Deta kuyambira 2024	Kutengera deta ya 2015	SIR yowerengedwa
Ma SSI	Deta kuyambira 2024	Kutengera deta ya 2015	SIR yowerengedwa
MRSA	Deta kuyambira 2024	Kutengera deta ya 2015	SIR yowerengedwa
C. zovuta	Deta kuyambira 2024	Kutengera deta ya 2015	SIR yowerengedwa

Malo opanda msoko, opanda mabowo amaletsa mabakiteriya kukula. Mumakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo mumakhala ndi ukhondo wabwino pogwiritsa ntchito izi yankho la pansi.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya Zimaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oopsa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda kwa odwala ndi ogwira ntchito.
• Malo opanda msoko komanso opanda mabowo amathandiza kuyeretsa mosavuta, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga miyezo yokhwima ya ukhondo m'zipatala.
• Mtundu uwu wa pansi ndi wolimba ndipo umafuna kukonza pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisamawonongeke kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuti pasakhale kusokonezeka kwakukulu pa chisamaliro cha odwala.
• Pansi pa rabara pamapangitsa kuti pakhale chitonthozo komanso phokoso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata lomwe limathandiza kuti odwala achiritsidwe komanso kuti ogwira ntchito azigwira bwino ntchito.
• Kusankha pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kumagwirizana ndi zolinga zopewera matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino yopezera ndalama m'malo azaumoyo amakono.

Kuletsa Matenda Pogwiritsa Ntchito Pansi pa Mpira Wotsutsana ndi Mabakiteriya Pazaumoyo

Kupewa Kufalikira kwa Mabakiteriya

Mumakumana ndi ziwopsezo nthawi zonse kuchokera ku mabakiteriya ndi majeremusi m'malo azaumoyo. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya chifukwa chisamaliro chaumoyo chimaletsa ziwopsezo izi zisanachuluke. Zipatala ndi zipatala zimafunikira malo omwe salola mabakiteriya kukula. Mumapindula ndi pansi pa bacteriostatic chifukwa imaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya popanda kudalira mankhwala amphamvu oletsa mabakiteriya. Njira imeneyi imakuthandizani kupewa matenda osamva mankhwala komanso imathandizira chitetezo cha odwala.

• Kukhazikitsa pansi komwe kumalimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndikofunikira kwambiri poletsa matenda ndi matenda.
• Pansi pa bacteriostatic amaletsa kuchulukana kwa mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo anu akhale otetezeka.
• Pansi pa rabara pamapanga kukhuthala, malo osalowa madzi zomwe zimachotsa majeremusi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Mumachepetsa mwayi woti mabakiteriya, bowa, ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda tifalikire.

Mabungwe olamulira akuwonetsa kufunika kosankha pansi pothana ndi matenda. Pansi pa zipatala zitha kukhala magwero a matenda. Majeremusi omwe ali pansi amasamutsira mosavuta m'manja ndi pamalo okhudzidwa kwambiri. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda msoko, zopanda mabowo, komanso zosavuta kuyeretsa kuti muchepetse matenda omwe amapezeka m'chipatala.

Pansi pa chisamaliro chaumoyo ayenera kukhala Yolimba komanso yosavuta kuyeretsa. Pansi yolimba ngati mphira imapereka mphamvu zothana ndi mabakiteriya zomwe zimalimbana ndi matenda opatsirana. Mumateteza odwala ndi ogwira ntchito posankha pansi yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa chisamaliro chaumoyo.

Chitetezo Chopanda Msoko, Chopanda Mabowo

Mufunika malo opanda mipata komanso opanda mabowo kuti musunge miyezo yolondola ya ukhondo. Pansi pa rabara Sichimatenga chinyezi kapena mabakiteriya. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo ovuta monga mapiko a odwala ndi zipinda zochitira opaleshoni. Mutha kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda bwino pamalo amenewa, ngakhale panthawi ya matenda opatsirana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mipata yolumikizidwa ndi kutentha komanso kuphimba kophatikizana kumapangitsa kuti malo azikhala osalala komanso osalekeza. Mumachotsa mipata yomwe dothi ndi majeremusi angabisike. Njira yokhazikitsirayi imapangitsa kuyeretsa kukhala kosavuta komanso kumathandizira njira zowongolera matenda.

Langizo: Pansi yopanda msoko imakuthandizani kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukhondo m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amadutsamo monga zipinda zadzidzidzi ndi zipinda zochitira opaleshoni.

Umu ndi momwe pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya pa chisamaliro chaumoyo imathandizira kuchepetsa matenda m'malo ovuta:

Mbali	Ubwino Wopewera Matenda
Malo opanda msoko, opanda maenje	Zimaletsa kugwidwa kwa mabakiteriya ndi madzi
Kapangidwe kachilengedwe ka maantibayotiki	Zimathandizira kukonza ukhondo
Osagonjetsedwa ndi zinthu zotsukira zolimba	Yoyenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima a ukhondo

Mumasunga malo abwino posankha pansi yomwe imateteza mabakiteriya ndipo imathandizira kuyeretsa kosavuta. chilengedwe chokhuthala, chopanda mabowo Kupangidwa kwa pansi pa mphira wopangidwa ndi vulcanized kumakupatsani mwayi woti muchotsere tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalopo mwachangu komanso mokwanira. Mumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndikupangitsa kuti malo azikhala otetezeka kwa aliyense.

Kuyeretsa ndi Kusamalira Mosavuta

Ma Protocol Ogwira Ntchito Mwaukhondo

Mukufuna chipinda chomwe chimatsatira miyezo yokhwima ya ukhondo m'chipatala chanu. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya Kuti chisamaliro chaumoyo chikhale cholimba, chimakupatsirani malo okhuthala komanso osalowa madzi omwe amapangitsa kuyeretsa kukhala kosavuta komanso mwachangu. Mutha kutsuka kapena kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pansi popanda kuda nkhawa ndi majeremusi omwe abisala mu ming'alu kapena mipata. Pansi pano simatenga zinthu zomwe zatayikira kapena madontho, kotero mumachotsa zinthu zodetsa mosavuta. Ogwira ntchito yanu yoyeretsa amathera nthawi yochepa akutsuka komanso nthawi yambiri akuyang'ana kwambiri chisamaliro cha odwala.

Langizo: Pansi pa rabara lopanda msoko limakuthandizani kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu zothana ndi matenda popanda khama lalikulu.

Mutha kuona kusiyana kwa njira zaukhondo mukayerekeza pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi njira zachikhalidwe:

Mbali	Pansi Poletsa Mabakiteriya	Pansi Pachikhalidwe
Mtundu wa pamwamba	Yopanda mabowo, yopanda msoko	Yokhala ndi mabowo
Kusunga Tizilombo Toyambitsa Matenda	Zochepa	Pamwamba
Kuyeretsa Moyenera	Wapamwamba	Kawirikawiri sizikwanira
Kuopsa kwa Kukula kwa Mabakiteriya	Zochepa	Pamwamba
Zotsatira pa Thanzi	Matenda ochepetsa	Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda

Mumateteza odwala ndi ogwira ntchito posankha malo omwe salola mabakiteriya kukula kapena kufalikira.

Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala

Mukufuna kusunga malo anu otetezeka komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya Pa chisamaliro chaumoyo sikufuna zophimba zowonjezera kapena mankhwala oopsa kuti zikhale zoyera. Kukana kwake kwachilengedwe ku majeremusi kumatanthauza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zotsukira zochepa. Izi zimachepetsa kukhudzana ndi mankhwala kwa ogwira ntchito ndi odwala anu.

Mumathandizanso chilengedwe mwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pansi pake pamatulutsa mankhwala ochepa achilengedwe (VOCs), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wa m'nyumba ukhale wabwino. Mumapewa sera ndi zochotsa pansi, motero mumachepetsa ndalama zokonzera ndi zinyalala za mankhwala.

Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe	Kufotokozera
Utsi Wochepa wa VOC	Pansi pake pamatulutsa mankhwala ochepa oopsa mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino m'zipatala.
Kukana Kwachilengedwe kwa Tizilombo Toyambitsa Matenda	Kapangidwe kake kamaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi bowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala akhale otetezeka.
Chilengedwe Chopanda Matumbo	Izi zimathandiza kuti dothi ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo zisaunjikane, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya wabwino m'nyumba ukhale wabwino.
Kuchotsa Zophimba Pansi	Amachepetsa kufunika kwa sera ndi zochotsa, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi ndalama zokonzera.

Ndi kusankha pansi kumeneku, mumapanga malo abwino osamalira thanzi, otetezeka, komanso okhazikika.

Zinthu Zotetezeka

Kukaniza Kutsetsereka

Mukufuna pansi yomwe imateteza aliyense, ngakhale m'malo otanganidwa kapena onyowa. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya za chisamaliro chaumoyo zimakupatsirani Malo ogwirira mwachilengedwe. Mbali imeneyi imadziwika bwino poyerekeza ndi linoleum kapena vinyl. Pansi pa rabara pamagwira ntchito bwino m'malo onyowa, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuchepetsa kutsetsereka ndi kugwa. Mumateteza odwala, antchito, ndi alendo ku ngozi, makamaka m'malo omwe kutayikira kapena chinyezi kumachitika kawirikawiri.

Langizo: Sankhani pansi pa rabara m'makhonde, m'makonde, ndi m'zipinda za odwala kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chogwa.

Ngozi zambiri m'zipatala zimachitika chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa zinthu, zinyalala, kapena malo osafanana. Mutha kuona momwe pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya yazaumoyo imakuthandizireni kuthana ndi zoopsa izi:

• Pansi posalala komanso posamalidwa bwino pamafunika kuchepetsa mwayi woti zinthu zigwe kapena kugwedezeka.
• Zopereka pansi pa rabara Kukana kutsetsereka kwabwino kwambiri, ngakhale ndi magalimoto ambiri.
• Malo opumulirako amathandiza odwala omwe amaima nthawi yayitali.
• Mphamvu zopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zili mkati mwake zimawonjezera chitetezo china.

Mumapanga malo otetezeka mwa kusankha pansi yomwe imagwira ntchito kwa aliyense, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi vuto losayenda bwino.

Chitetezo cha Thanzi kwa Ogwira Ntchito ndi Odwala

Mukufuna kuteteza ogwira ntchito ndi odwala ku zoopsa zaumoyo. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya Zaumoyo zimathandiza kuchepetsa matenda komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi mankhwala oopsa. Mutha kuyeretsa ndikusamalira pansi mosavuta, zomwe zimakuthandizani kupewa matenda. CDC ndi Kaiser Permanente akuwonetsa izi. kufunika koyeretsa bwino kuti athetse matenda.

Mumapewanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa, zomwe ndi zotetezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo kapena kukhudzidwa ndi khungu. Makina otsukira okha ndi makina otsukira nthunzi amakulolani kusunga pansi paukhondo popanda kusokoneza chisamaliro cha odwala.

Umu ndi momwe pansi pa rabara imathandizira chitetezo cha thanzi m'chipinda chanu:

Mtundu wa Umboni	Kufotokozera
Kulamulira Matenda	Kuyeretsa bwino ndi kusamalira pansi pa rabara ndikofunikira kwambiri popewa matenda, monga momwe CDC ndi Kaiser Permanente adanenera.
Chitetezo cha Umoyo	Pansi pa rabara yapamwamba sikufuna mankhwala oopsa, zomwe zimachepetsa zoopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la thanzi.
Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera	Kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsukira okha komanso makina otsukira ndi nthunzi kumathandiza kuti kuyeretsa bwino popanda kusokoneza chisamaliro cha odwala.

Mumathandizira malo ogwirira ntchito abwino komanso malo ogona odwala mwa kusankha pansi yomwe imaika chitetezo patsogolo.

Kuchepetsa Chitonthozo ndi Phokoso

Chidziwitso cha Odwala

Mukufuna kuti odwala azikhala omasuka komanso odekha m'chipatala chanu. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya Zimakuthandizani kupanga malo amtendere. Makhalidwe abwino a pansi pa rabara omwe amakoka phokoso Mumachepetsa phokoso ndi ma decibel 20. Mumaona mawu ochepa komanso zosokoneza zochepa m'makonde ndi m'zipinda za odwala. Mlengalenga wabata uwu umathandizira kuchira ndikuwonjezera kukhutitsidwa kwa odwala.

Langizo: Malo opanda phokoso amathandiza odwala kupuma ndikuchira mwachangu.

Mutha kuona momwe pansi pa raba limakhudzira chitonthozo ndi chikhutiro cha wodwala:

Mtundu wa Umboni	Kufotokozera
Phunziro	Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Chipatala cha Florida adapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito anena kuti zinthu zabwino zomwe zachitika ndi pansi pa rabara, zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe imakhudzira chitonthozo ndi kukhutitsidwa.
Umboni	Denise Dexter, mkulu wa kapangidwe ka malo, adati pansi pake imayamwa phokoso, zomwe zimathandiza kuti odwala azikhala chete.
Kafukufuku	Kafukufuku wozikidwa pa umboni akusonyeza kuti kuchepetsa phokoso kuchokera pansi kungathandize kuchira mwa kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa tulo komanso kufunikira kwa mankhwala.

Mumathandiza odwala kugona bwino komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa. Pansi pa rabara pamatenga phokoso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata. Mumathandizanso kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala okhudzana ndi mavuto ogona.

Thandizo la Ogwira Ntchito

Muyenera kuthandiza antchito anu akamasinthasintha. Anamwino nthawi zambiri amayenda makilomita 4 mpaka 8 panthawi ya kusintha kwawo. Kusuntha kosalekeza kumeneku kungayambitse kutopa ndi kuvulala. Pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya imapereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri. Mumapindula ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu, zomwe zimaletsa kupsinjika kwa mafupa ndikuchepetsa kutopa.

• Pansi pa ergonomic ndikofunikira pochepetsa kutopa pakati pa ogwira ntchito m'chipatala omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali akuyenda.
• Pansi yoyenera imalimbitsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu kuti tipewe kupsinjika pa malo olumikizirana mafupa.
• Mumakonza malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka komanso mumathandiza antchito kukhala omasuka nthawi yonse ya ntchito zawo.

Pansi pa rabara pamatenganso phokoso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo anu akhale chete kwa aliyense. Mumakulitsa kulankhulana kwanu ndikuchepetsa zosokoneza. Ogwira ntchito amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri chisamaliro cha odwala popanda phokoso la ngolo, mapazi, kapena zida.

Chidziwitso: Pansi pabwino komanso chete zimathandiza gulu lanu kukhala maso komanso ogwira ntchito bwino.

Mumasankha pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kuti muwonjezere chitonthozo ndikuchepetsa phokoso. Chisankhochi chimathandizira kuchira kwa odwala komanso thanzi la ogwira ntchito.

Kulimba ndi Mtengo

Mtengo Wanthawi Yaitali

Mukufuna pansi yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chisamaliro chaumoyo. Pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya Zimakupatsani kulimba kosayerekezeka. Nsalu iyi imapirira kukanda, kusweka, ndi madontho. Zipangizo zolemera, ngolo zozungulira, ndi kuyenda kosalekeza kwa mapazi sizimawonongeka mwachangu. Mutha kudalira pansi pa rabara kuti muwoneke bwino kwa zaka zambiri.

Pansi pa rabara pamafunikanso kusamalidwa pang'ono kuposa njira zambiri zachikhalidwe. Simuyenera kutseka kapena kupukuta. Machitidwe oyeretsa amakhala osavuta komanso otchipa. Pakapita nthawi, mumasunga ndalama ndikuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yokonza.

Dziwani: Kuyika ndalama pakupanga pansi yolimba kumatanthauza kuti sizikusokoneza chisamaliro cha odwala komanso ntchito za malo osungiramo zinthu.

Mukhoza kuyerekeza mtengo wa pansi wa rabara kwa nthawi yayitali ndi zipangizo zina:

Mtundu wa Pansi	Zosowa Zokonza	Ndalama Zanthawi Yaitali
Cork	Pamafunika kutseka nthawi ndi nthawi	Zokwera chifukwa cha mtengo wotseka
Rabala	Kusamalira pang'ono	Yotsika chifukwa cha kulimba komanso moyo wautali

Pansi pa rabara kumakuthandizani kuwongolera ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito komanso kusunga malo otetezeka komanso aukhondo.

Ndalama Zotsika Zosinthira

Mukufuna kupewa kusintha pansi pafupipafupi. Pansi pa rabara pamatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa njira zina zambiri. Kapangidwe kake kolimba kamalimbana ndi kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kutayikira, kugundana, ndi mankhwala oyeretsera. Simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi ming'alu kapena kupindika, ngakhale m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amadutsa.

Mukasankha pansi ya rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya, mumachepetsa kufunika kokonza ndi kusintha zinthu zina mokwera mtengo. Pansi iyi imasunga mawonekedwe ake ndikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Mumateteza ndalama zomwe mwayika ndikusunga malo anu kuti azigwira ntchito bwino.

• Pansi pa rabara pamakhala kutopa ndi kung'ambika tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Mumawononga ndalama zochepa pokonza ndi kusintha.
• Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa pansi pa rabara kumathandizira zolinga zanu za bajeti.
• Langizo: Kusankha pansi yolimba kumatanthauza kuti mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri chisamaliro cha odwala osati kusamalira malo.

Mumapanga chisankho chanzeru pankhani yazachuma posankha pansi pa rabara yotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya za chipatala chanu.

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Mumasankha mwanzeru mukasankha pansi ya rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa chisamaliro chaumoyo. Pansi iyi amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, amathandiza kuyeretsa mosavuta, komanso amateteza antchito anu ndi odwala. Mapulojekiti opitilira 62% azaumoyo tsopano ikufunika pansi yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo pafupifupi theka la atsogoleri a zipatala amayang'ana kwambiri pa kuchepetsa matenda. Mumapindulanso ndi chitonthozo, kulimba, komanso ndalama zochepa.

Phindu	Kufotokozera
Kuchepetsa mwayi woti munthu atenge kachilomboka	Odwala amakumana ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha matenda m'malo okhala ndi pansi iyi.
Kuwongolera bwino pakati pa kuyeretsa	Mumasamalira bwino mabakiteriya pakati pa nthawi yoyeretsa.
Chitetezo ku ming'alu	Pansi pake pamalimba ming'alu, zomwe zimaletsa mabakiteriya kubisala.

Mumathandiza kukhazikitsa muyezo watsopano wa malo amakono azaumoyo mwa kupangitsa pansi iyi kukhala yofunika kwambiri.

FAQ

Kodi n’chiyani chimasiyanitsa pansi pa rabara loletsa mabakiteriya ndi pansi wamba?

Mumapeza malo opanda mabowo, opanda mabowo omwe amalimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi chinyezi. Pansi wamba nthawi zambiri imayamwa zinthu zomwe zatayikira ndipo imasunga majeremusi. Pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya imakuthandizani kukhala aukhondo komanso imathandizira kupewa matenda m'malo azaumoyo.

Kodi muyenera kuyeretsa pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kangati?

Muyenera kuyeretsa tsiku lililonse m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amadutsa. Malo opanda mabowo amalola kuyeretsa mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Simukusowa mankhwala apadera kapena mankhwala kuti pansi pakhale potetezeka komanso paukhondo.

Kodi mungathe kukhazikitsa pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya m'zipinda zochitira opaleshoni?

Inde, mungathe. Kapangidwe kake kosalala komanso kopanda mabowo kakukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima ya ukhondo. Mumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndipo mumapangitsa kuyeretsa kukhala kosavuta m'malo ovuta monga zipinda zochitira opaleshoni.

Kodi pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya imathandiza kuchepetsa phokoso?

Inde, zimatero. Mphira wokhuthala umayamwa mawu. Umapatsa odwala ndi ogwira ntchito malo opanda phokoso, zomwe zimathandiza kuchira komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa.

Kodi pansi pa rabara yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi yotsika mtengo pazipatala?

Mumasunga ndalama pakapita nthawi. Pansi pake pamakhala nthawi yayitali, pamafunika kukonza pang'ono, ndipo mumachepetsa ndalama zosinthira. Mumawononganso ndalama zochepa pa zinthu zoyeretsera ndi ntchito.